By Óné Chappy
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| Researchers of the Risk factors for congenital anomaly in a multiethnic birth cohort study |
Babies born in Bradford are nearly twice as likely to be born with a birth defect compared to the rest of the country, a study conducted in the city has shown.
Parents who are blood relatives and older mothers have been found to be the two main causes for this birth defect rate.
The results were acquired after a study involving 11,396 mums and youngsters involved in the Born in Bradford
(BiB), a study of children born at Bradford Royal Infirmary between 2007 and 2011.
The study found that the risk of a child being born with a birth defect rose from
three per cent to six per cent if they were born to blood relatives.
Researchers believe that these findings are largely because of marriages between first cousins in the Bradford Pakistani community.
First cousin marriages in Bradford accounts for three-quarters of marriages among families of
Pakistani descent in the city.
It is estimated that, worldwide, more than a billion people
live in communities where marriage between blood relatives is
commonplace.
A recently-retired consultant, Dr Peter Corry, who worked in the Child
Development Centre at Bradford Royal Infirmary for 25 years said: "The study really confirms in a
scientific way the number of congenital anomalies we have".
Nearly 1.7% of babies in England and Wales are born with a birth defect
such as Down's Syndrome or heart problems, and among BiB babies the rate
was nearly double that, at 3%.
Forty-three different ethnicities were involved in the study, with Pakistani ethnic
groups making 45% of the participants and white British being just under 40%.
Of the 5,127 babies of Pakistani origin, 37% had married parents
who were first cousins, compared to less than 1% of married couples
nationally.
Another major factor found to raise chances of a baby being born with a birth defect was the age of the mother.
The likelihood of mothers having a child with
a genetic defect doubled from two per cent among white British mums
aged between 25 and 34, to four per cent among those aged over 34.
Local health professionals have received training in raising the issues with
people in the Pakistani community, to try and make the issue easier to discus within society.
A Bradford GP, Rafaqut Rashid said: "There are a number of programmes
which have been initiated, not because of this research, but they have
always been there".
"This research has brought in some firm
evidence which suggests that we should look more into the concept of
raising awareness within the community and at the risk groups within
the community", he said.
He said that there are schemes already in place, run by the 'Every baby matters' board, who look at the health of babies in Bradford and help families deal with birth defects.
The study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research under
the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care
programme.